Much of the Metro East has soils with significant clay content. Clay can hold water, drain slowly, become soft when saturated, and shrink as it dries. Those changes can contribute to settlement, heaving, poor lawn performance, foundation concerns, and movement beneath patios or retaining walls.

Good construction responds to site conditions through proper excavation, compaction, suitable aggregate, separation where appropriate, controlled drainage, and protection from concentrated runoff. Simply adding more surface material does not correct unstable soil below.

Conditions vary from one property to another, so soil, slope, utilities, prior fill, and water movement should be evaluated before selecting a solution.